نشریه فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی
پیاپی 5 (بهار 1386)

This study provides the possibility of investigating the natural classifications of Alopecurus species based on leaf anatomical features. In Iran, the taxonomy of this genus is very small and the anatomical structure of the leaf has not been used in its taxonomy. The samples of 7 identified species were examined in terms of shape and differential shape characteristics were determined. Also, the samples were examined in terms of the anatomical structure of the leaf in transverse section and epidermis, and the anatomical characteristics of the leaf were determined. Differential anatomical features were distinguished. 38 morphological traits and 18 anatomical traits were investigated as differentiating traits between species in terms of numerical taxonomy separately and in total 56 traits. The results of this research confirmed the natural classifications.

The effects of air pollutants in Tehran city on leaf area, proline concentration, soluble carbohydrates and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids) in acacia and persimmon were the subject of this research. At first, using the information of Environmental Protection Organization and Air Quality Control Department, Sorkheh Hesarbeh Park was selected as a clean environment and Azadi area as a polluted environment, and the desired plants were taken from these two areas. Leaf area in November (84) and June (85) and concentration of proline, soluble carbohydrates and amount of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids) in July (85) were determined and compared by spectrophotometric method. The results of this research showed that air pollution caused a significant decrease in the leaf area in acacia and persimmon. Also, air pollution increased the concentration of proline in two plants, Acacia and Persimmon. Due to air pollution, the concentration of soluble carbohydrates decreased in acacia and increased in persimmon, and these changes were statistically significant. The results of this research showed that as a result of air pollution, the amount of photosynthetic pigments including (chlorophyll a and b and total chlorophyll and carotenoids) increased significantly in date palm, and in acacia chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased, this decrease is significant in the case of carotenoids. and the amount of chlorophyll b did not change much.

The yarrow genus in Iran has 19 species of perennial and often aromatic herbaceous plants, seven of which are unique to Iran. In this research, the yarrow species with the scientific name Achillea pachycephala Rech. F. It was collected from Damavand peak at an altitude of 3200 to 3800 meters in the beginning of Shahrivar month of 2013. The sample was extracted by water distillation method. The yield of essential oil in flowers was 1.3% and in leaves was 0.5%. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography connected to mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The major compounds in the flower were trans-pinocarveol (29.2%), limonene (18.2%), myrtenyl acetate (17%) and pinocarvone (11.1%), which totaled 75.5% of 99.9% of the total It includes essential oil, and camphor (33.8 percent), 1,8-cineole (24 percent) and pinocampheol (16 percent) were found in the leaf, which was 73.8 percent out of 99.3 percent of the total essential oil. At the same time, the percentage of identified compounds is of special importance in relation to the species of this genus

Salinity stress is an important environmental factor that limits plant growth and production. The harmful effects of salinity on plants have been identified either in the form of plant death or in the form of reduced growth. During salinity stress, various types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced. These radicals give their energy to biological molecules or even react with them and cause their destruction. During salinity stress, protective systems called antioxidant system are activated and control ROS levels in the plant. One of these protective systems is ascorbic acid, which plays an important role in eliminating ROS in plants. In this research, soybean plants were affected by different concentrations of ascorbate (1, 2 mmol) and salt (50 and 150 mmol) and their effects on proline, glycine betaine, phenolic compounds, soluble sugars, sodium and chlorine were evaluated in both aerial and underground parts. it placed. The results of this research showed that in the presence of salt, the amount of sodium, chlorine and the above organic compounds increased, but their amount decreased with the addition of ascorbate.

Water stress is the main limitation in the production of many crops and causes many physiological and morphological reactions in plants. This problem has been observed in different cultivars of the same species, including soybeans. The aim of this research was to study the effect of water stress on water relations, proline content and morphological characteristics of two soybean cultivars including Pershing and DPX. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out in pots and water treatments of 80 (flooded), 60, 40 and 20% (dry) of the water saturation capacity of the soil were applied on them. The results of the studies showed a significant difference in the measured measurements in two soybean cultivars. In both cultivars, reducing the amount of irrigation caused a decrease in plant height and root length, and in the flooding treatment, it was associated with a significant increase in misplaced roots. In the Pershing variety, the decrease in the amount of irrigation led to a decrease in the relative amount of water (RWC), but in the DPX variety, the lowest amount of RWC was observed in the 40% treatment. Leaf water loss (LWL) was higher in all treatments in Pershing variety than similar treatments in DPX variety. The highest amount of proline in leaves and roots was related to treatments with lower RWC, which was observed in Pershing and DPX cultivars in 20% and 40% treatments, respectively. In both cultivars, the amount of proline amino acid was higher in the leaves than in the root. The results showed that in both cultivars, leaves were more affected by water stress than roots, and Pershing cultivar showed more sensitivity in low water levels.

In this research, the determination of the best cultivation environment for stem organogenesis and the selection of the most suitable cultivar from Abu Jahl watermelon seeds have been studied. In order to obtain sterile roasted seeds, the inhibition of the seed shell was removed in concentrated sulfuric acid for 20 minutes. After washing with sterile distilled water, the seeds were transferred to a sterile culture medium. 20 days later, small pieces (cotyledon, terminal bud, cotyledon axis and root) were prepared from the roasted seeds and transferred to MS medium with different hormone treatments. All isolated cultures produced callus, and only the terminal bud treated with IAA and quintine equal to 1 mg in relitertolide produced callus, then it was differentiated into bud and branch. To determine the most suitable cultivation environment; Two cultivation environments were considered. MS basic culture medium with IAA and quintine treatment equal to 1 mg and MS basic culture medium, vitamin 2 equal to MS basic medium and benzyl aminopurine treatment 2 mg/liter along with naphthalene acetic acid 0.1 mg/liter. The terminal bud was separated from the sterile culture medium and placed in these two culture mediums. The design was based on a completely random block. Data collection was done in four stages. The ability to produce callus in the culture medium treated with benzyl aminopurine along with naphthalene acetic acid was higher than in the culture medium of IAA and quintine. In the cultivation environment with IAA and quintine treatment with equal amounts, branching and increase in the length of the branches were significant. In the culture medium, treatment with benzyl aminopurine along with naphthalene acetic acid caused the differentiation of callus into branches, but branching and increasing the length of branches were not significant.